Introductory Networking: Networking Theory and Basic Networking Tools (TryHackMe)

I have been learning Networking Theory like the OSI Model and TCP/IP model as well as Command-Line Networking Tools like ping, traceroute, whois, and dig. I took these questions as part of the THM challenges for this networking room.

1. Which layer would choose to send data over TCP or UDP? 4 (Transport Layer)

2. Which layer checks received information to make sure that it hasn't been corrupted? 2 (Data Layer)

3. In which layer would data be formatted in preparation for transmission? 2 (Data Link Layer)

4. Which layer transmits and receives data? 1 (Physical Layer)

5. Which layer encrypts, compresses, or otherwise transforms the initial data to give it a standardized format? 6(Presentation)

6. Which layer tracks communications between the host and receiving computers? 5 (Session Layer)

7. Which layer accepts communication requests from applications? 7 (Application Layer)

8. Which layer handles logical addressing? 3 (Network Layer)

9. When sending data over TCP, what would you call the "bite-sized" pieces of data? 7 (Application layer)

10. [Research] Which layer would the FTP protocol communicate with? Segments

11. Which transport layer protocol would be best suited to transmit a live video? UDP

12. How would you refer to data at layer 2 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model)? Frames (Layer 2 is the Data link layer)

13. How would you refer to data at layer 4 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model), if the UDP protocol has been selected? Datagrams or segment (Layer 4 is the transport layer)

14. What process would a computer perform on a received message? De-encapsulation

15. Which is the only layer of the OSI model to add a trailer during encapsulation? Data Link

16. Does encapsulation provide an extra layer of security (Aye/Nay)? Aye

17. Which model was introduced first, OSI or TCP/IP? TCP/IP

18. Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Transport layer of the OSI model (Full Name)? Transport

19. Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Session layer of the OSI model (Full Name)? Application

20. The Network Interface layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of two layers in the OSI model. These layers are Data Link, and?.. (Full Name)? Physical

21. Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles the functionality of the OSI network layer? Internet

22. What kind of protocol is TCP? Connection-based

23. What is SYN short for? Synchronise

24. What is the second step of the three-way handshake? SYN/ACK

25. What is the short name for the "Acknowledgement" segment in the three-way handshake? ACK

26. What command would you use to ping the bbc.co.uk website? ping bbc.co.uk

27. $Ping *muirlandoracle.co.uk* What is the IPv4 address? 217.160.0.152

28. What switch lets you change the interval of sent ping requests? -i
    (using man ping to find the answers of 28 - 30)

29. What switch would allow you to restrict requests to IPv4? -4

30. What switch would give you a more verbose output? -v

31. Can you see the path your request has taken? traceroute tryhackme.com

32. What switch would you use to specify an interface when using Traceroute? -i (use man traceroute to find the answers to 32 -33)

33. What switch would you use if you wanted to use TCP SYN requests when tracing the route? -T

34. [Lateral Thinking] Which layer of the TCP/IP model will the traceroute run on by default (Windows)? Internet

35. Perform a whois search on facebook.com whois Facebook.com

    

36. What is the registrant postal code for facebook.com? 94025

37. When was the facebook.com domain first registered (Format: DD/MM/YYYY)? 29/03/1997

38. Perform a whois search on microsoft.com whois Microsoft.com

    

39. Which city is the registrant based in? Redmond

40. [OSINT] What is the name of the golf course that is near the registrant address for microsoft.com? Bellevue Golf Course

with Microsoft address from the whois Microsoft.com search golf courses followed by the address (One Microsoft Way, Redmond, 98052) You’ll check golf course as a keyword and the closest miles

41. What is the registered Tech Email for microsoft.com? msnhst@microsoft.com

42. What is DNS short for? Domain Name System

43. What is the first type of DNS server your computer would query when you search for a domain? Recursive

44. What type of DNS server contains records specific to domain extensions (i.e. .com, .co.uk*, etc)*? Use the long version of the name. Top-Level Domain

45. Where is the very first place your computer would look to find the IP address of a domain? Hosts File

46. [Research] Google runs two public DNS servers. One of them can be queried with the IP 8.8.8.8, what is the IP address of the other one? 8.8.4.4

47. If a DNS query has a TTL of 24 hours, what number would the dig query show? 86400

Thank you for reading through my article. You can leave any questions or comments on how I can improve my learning journey and the THM challenges. We can also connect more on LinkedIn or X.